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TOEFL READING真题(1)
2001-11-14 10:39:56
Before the 1500's, the (western)(plains) of North America were (dominated) by farmers. One group, the Mandans, lived in the (upper) (Missouri) River country, (primarily) in present-day North Dakota. They had large villages of houses built close together. The (tight) arrangement (enabled) the Mandans to (protect) themselves more easily from the (attacks) of others who might (seek) to (obtain) some of the food these highly (capable) farmers stored from one year to the next.
The women had (primary) (responsibility) for the fields. They had to exercise considerable (skill) to produce the desired results, for their northern location meant (fleeting) growing seasons, winter often (lingered); autumn could be (ushered) in by (severe) (frost). For good measure , during the spring and summer, (drought), heat, (hail), grasshoppers, and other (frustrations) might (await) the (wary) grower.
Under such conditions, Mandan women had to grow (maize) capable of weathering (adversity). They began as early as it appeared (feasible) to do so in the spring, clearing the land, using fire to clear (stubble) from the fields and then planting. Form this point until the first green corn could be (harvested), the (crop) required labor and (vigilance).
Harvesting (proceeded) in two stages. In August the Mandans picked a smaller amount of the crop before it had matured fully, this green corn was boiled, dried, and (shelled), with some of the maize (slated) for (immediate) (consumption) and the rest stored in animal-skin bags. Later in the fall, the people picked the rest of the corn. They saved the best of the harvest for seeds or for trade, with the (remainder) eaten right away or stored for later use in underground reserves. With (appropriate) banking of the extra food, the Mandans protected themselves against the (disaster) of crop (failure) and (accompanying) hunger.
The women planted another (staple), (squash), about the first of June, and harvested it near the time of the green corn harvest. After they picked it, they (sliced) it, dried it, and (strung) the slices before they stored them. Once again, they saved the seed from the best of the year's crop. The Mandans also grew sunflowers and tobacco; the latter was the particular task of the old men.
重点单词(带扩符的单词)：
western : n. 西方人,西部片,西部小说;a. 西方的,西洋的,西部的
plain : n. 平原,草原;a. 简单的,明白的,平常的,清晰的,普通的,朴素的;ad. 清楚地;n. 无格式
dominate : vt. vi. 支配,占优势
upper : a. 上面的,较高的,上级的,上院的,穿在外面的,地表的,北部的,后期的;n. 鞋帮,绑腿,上齿
Missouri : n. 密苏里州
primarily : ad. 主要地,首先地,基本地
tight : a. 紧的,吝啬的,严厉的;ad. 紧紧地
enable : vt. 使能够,使能
protect : vt. 防卫,保护,警戒
attack : n. 攻击,抨击;vt. 攻击,抨击,动手;vi. 攻击
seek : vt. 寻求,寻找,探索,请求,追求,搜索;vi. 寻找,搜索
obtain : vt. 获得,达到;vi. 流行
capable : a. 有能力的,能的,能干的
primary : n. 最主要者,原色;a. 主要的,初期的,根本的,原始的,首要的,基本的
responsibility : n. 责任,职责,负担,响应度,可靠性
skill : n. 技术,技巧,技能,熟练,巧妙
fleet : n. 舰队,港湾,小河;a. 快速的,敏捷的,浅的;ad. 浅;vt. 消磨;vi. 疾驰,飞逝,掠过
linger : vi. 逗留,消磨,徘徊;vt. 拖延
usher : n. 带位员,招待员;vt. 引导,展示;vi. 作招待员
severe : a. 严格的,凶猛的,严肃的,严厉的,朴素的,严重的
frost : n. 霜,冰冻,冷漠;vt. 覆着霜,冻结,结霜;vi. 受冻,起霜
drought : n. 干旱,缺乏
hail : n. 冰雹,致敬,招呼;vt. 向...欢呼,致敬,招呼,使象下雹样落下;vi. 招呼,下雹;int. 万岁,欢迎
frustration : n. 打破,挫折,顿挫
await : vt. 等候
wary : a. 小心的,机警的,周到的,唯恐的
maize : n. 玉蜀黍,黄色;a. 玉蜀黍色的,黄色的
adversity : n. 不幸,灾祸,逆境,灾难
feasible : a. 能实行的,可行的,适宜的
stubble : n. 断株,茬,剪成短短的头发
harvest : n. 收获,成果,收获物,收获期;vt. vi. 收割,收获
crop : n. 农作物,产量,平头;vt. 收割,修剪,种植;vi. 收获
vigilance : n. 警戒,警觉心,失眠症
proceed : vi. 进行,开始,发出,继续进行,起诉
shell : n. 贝壳,壳,外形,炮弹;vt. 去壳,脱落,炮轰;vi. 剥落,脱壳;
slate : n. 石板;a. 石板色的;vt. 铺石板,责骂,痛打
immediate : a. 立即的,直接的,近的
consumption : n. 消费,消费量,憔悴
remainder : n. 剩余物,其他的人,残余,余数;vt. vi. 廉价出售;a. 剩余的,出售剩书的
appropriate : a. 适当的
disaster : n. 灾祸,不幸,彻底失败
failure : n. 失败,失败者,不足,缺乏,破产
accompany : vt. 陪伴,带有,为...伴奏;vi. 伴奏,伴唱
staple : n. 主要产物,常用品,主要要素,原料,钩环,订书钉;a. 主要的,重要的;vt. 分类,选择,钉住
squash : n. 压碎的东西,南瓜,拥挤嘈杂的人群;vt. 压扁,镇压,压制;vi. 被压扁,发溅泼声,挤入
slice : n. 薄的切片,一部分,菜刀;vt. 切成薄片,切下;vi. 切
strung : vbl. string的过去式和过去分词string : n. 线,细绳,一串,字串;vt. 串起,成串,收紧,缚,扎;vi. 成一串 推荐给好友  打印本页
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